Γυρω στους εικοσι πεντε ενηλικες και εννεα παιδακια απο Κρανιδι Χελι Κοιλαδα μαζευτηκαμε στην παραλια οπου η αρχαιολογος της Δ’ Εφορείας Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων κα Ευαγγελία Παππή μας ξεναγησε.
Παροντες απο πλευρας Δημου ο Δημαρχος Κρανδιου κ Σφυρης ,ο κ Παντελης Τοντωρης η κ Αιμιλια Μπρουστα.Απο την αντιπολιτευση δεν ειχαμε παρουσιες. Θα περιμενα να εχουν ερθει εκπροσωποι της.
Λεπτομερης περιγραφη των οικιων και δραστηριοτητων των κατοικων της πολης σε δυο σημεια. Δυστυχως ο φυλακας του αρχαιολογικου χωρου κ Δημαρακης (που αγνοουσε και μου μιλησε απαξιωτικα για το βιβλιο του Αδωνη Κυρου Το σταυροδρομι του Αργολικου) μας οδηγησε στο μοναδικο περιφραγμενο σημειο προσβασης στην Ακροπολη και ετσι μειναμε απ εξω.
Το ερωτημα μου ειναι αν ενας ιδιωτης μπορει με την περιφραξη του να αποκλεισει εναν αρχαιολογικο χωρο απο το κοινο και μαλιστα οταν η ομαδα συνοδευεται απο αρχαιολογο και τον Δημαρχο της περιοχης και σε αυτη την περιπτωση αν ο “φυλακας” εχει το δικαιωμα να ανοιξει την περιφραξη. Μαλλον περιεργα ολα αυτα.
Επισκεψη στο αρχαιολογικο μουσειο προγραμματιζει η βιβλιοθηκη οπου και εκθεματα του αρχαιολογικου χωρου.
Οι δυο περιφραγμενοι χωροι κατω στην παραλια ηταν καθαροι και τα χορταρια κομμενα.
Η αλλη ατυχια ηταν πως τα νερα ηταν σηκωμενα και δεν φαινονταν τα τειχη του ναου του Απολλωνα στη θαλασσα.
Το κλιμα πολυ φιλικο και ομορφο κυριως γυναικες οπως παντα ειμασταν γυρω στους πεντε αντρες ολοι και ολοι.
Σχολεια ΜΗΔΕΝ.Ουτε ενα σχολειο της Ερμιονιδας δεν υποστηριξε την κινηση της Δημοτικης βιβλιοθηκης.
Αλλοδαποι ενα ζευγαρι μονο. Δεν ειχε διαφημιστει στα Αγγλικα με αφισσακια η εκδηλωση.
Και ομως ενδιαφερονται οι αλλοδαποι.Στην επισκεψη του Γεναρη ειχαν ερθει αρκετοι.
http://sikam.wordpress.com/2009/02/01/%cf%80%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%b7%ce%b3%ce%b7%cf%83%ce%b7-%cf%83%ce%b5-%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%87%ce%b1%ce%b9%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%ba%cf%8c-%cf%87%cf%89%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%b9%ce%b5%ce%af/
Μιλησαμε επικοινωνησαμε βρεθηκαμε.Προβληματισμοι για το Φραγχθι και πως θα γινουν εργα εκει προβληματισμος στο τελος για τη παραπερα αναδειξη του αρχαιολογικου χωρου των Αλειεων (και μεσα απο το διαδυκτιο) καθως και για την αγορα οσων ξενογλωσσων βιβλιων υπαρχουν στις εκδοσεις των Αμερικανικων πανεπιστημιων.
Μπραβο στους διοργανωτες κασι τις διοργανωτριες ας το επαναλαβουμε το εγχειρημα πιο οργανωμενα να παμε και στην Ακροπολη εξ αλλου ολοι-ες το ζητησαν .
Βιβλιογραφια.
• Ηρόδοτος, Ιστορίαι VII 137
• Θουκυδίδης, Ιστορία, VII 12.3-4, I 105.1; II 56.4, IV 45.2
• Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης, Βιβλιοθήκη Ιστορική XI 78.1-2
• Ξενοφών, Ελληνικά I 5.10
• Παυσανίας, Ελλάδος Περιήγηση ΙΙ 36.1
• Στράβων, Γεωγραφικά VIII 6.11 Σχετικές έρευνες Ευρήματα σε μουσεία Ενδεικτική βιβλιογραφία
• Flemming N. C., 1968, “Holocene Earth Movements of Earth Movements and Eustatic Sea Level Change in the Peloponnese”, Nature 217, 1031-2
• Jameson M. H., 1973, “Halieis in Porto Cheli”, στο D. J. Blackman (ed), Marine Archaeology, Butterworths, London
• Jameson M. H., 1969, “Excavations at Porto Cheli and Vicinity, Preliminary report, I: Halieis, 1962-1968″, Hesperia 38, 311-342
• Jameson M. H., 1963, “Excavations at Porto Cheli”, Αρχαιολογικό Δελτίο 18
• Jameson M. H. & C. K. Williams, 1966, “Halieis”, Αρχαιολογικό Δελτίο 21
• Φαρακλάς Ν., 1973, Ερμιόνη-Αλιάς, Αρχαίες Ελληνικές πόλεις 19. Αθηναϊκός Τεχνολογικός Όμιλος, Αθηναϊκό Κέντρο Οικιστικής
• Frost J.F., 1985, “The harbour at Halieis” in Raban A., Harbour Archaeology. Proceedings of the International Workshop on ancient Mediterranean harbours, Caesarea Maritima 24-28.6.83, University of Haifa, Bar International Series 257
Αρχαιολογία χωρίς σκαπάνη(Τιερντ βαν Αντελ/Κέρτις Ράνελς2002) (εκδ καλειδοσκόπιοΑθηνα 2103632788)
Στο Σταυροδρομι του Αργολικου Αδωνις Κυρου
Η Ερμιιονιδα ανα τους αιωνες Γιονα ΜΙκε Παιδουση
Η των Ερμιονέων πόλις του Βασίλειου Γκάτσου (σελ 143-158).
http://istorikhermionida.wordpress.com/2009/02/25/%ce%b7-%cf%80%cf%8c%ce%bb%ce%b7-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%b9%ce%ad%cf%89%ce%bd-%ce%b5%ce%ba-%cf%84%cf%85%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%bd%ce%b8%ce%bf%cf%82-468-362-%cf%80%cf%87/
http://istorikhermionida.wordpress.com/2009/02/25/%cf%83%cf%84%ce%b7%ce%bd-%ce%b1%ce%ba%cf%81%cf%8c%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b7-%cf%84%cf%89%ce%bd-x%ce%b1%ce%bb%ce%b9%ce%b1%ce%af%cf%89%ce%bd-%cf%80%cf%8c%cf%81%cf%84%ce%bf-%cf%87%ce%ad%ce%bb%ce%b9/
http://sikam.wordpress.com/2008/10/23/%ce%b1%cf%81%cf%87%ce%b1%ce%b9%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%bf%ce%b3%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%af-%cf%87%cf%8e%cf%81%ce%bf%ce%b9-%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%82-%ce%b5%cf%81%ce%bc%ce%b9%ce%bf%ce%bd%ce%af%ce%b4%ce%b1%cf%82/
http://www.archaeology.org/diggreece/halieis.html
Ancient Halieis
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Aerial view of the bay of Porto Cheli and the peninsula on which the ancient city Halieis stood. (Courtesy Bradley A. Ault)
During excavations in the 1960s and 1970s, remains of a flourishing Archaic and Classical city of the sixth through fourth centuries B.C. were uncovered at Halieis, near modern-day Porto Heli in southern Greece. The ancient city’s walls–nearly two km. in length, and with at least 19 towers and five major gates have been identified–enclosed an area of some 18 ha., providing enough room for 450 to 500 houses, and perhaps a population of 2,500 individuals. An important regional center, Halieis minted it own coinage and maintained a sanctuary dedicated to Apollo that included two temples and a stadium in which games were held. Located northeast of and beyond the walled city, the Sanctuary of Apollo is now submerged in the bay of Porto Heli, like the northern limits of the site itself, inundated by rising sea levels in Late Antiquity. Abandoned under uncertain circumstances soon after 300 B.C., Halieis stands as the earliest regularly planned city so far identified on the Greek mainland and as an important example of a Classical city that was not reoccupied after that time.
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Submerged remains of the Apollo Sanctuary at Halieis (Courtesy Bradley A. Ault)
The earliest architectural remains of settlement at Halieis date to the seventh century B.C., when the acropolis, the highest point of the city, was fortified. Because of its prominent position overseeing the entrance to the Argolic Gulf, the strategic importance of Halieis was assured. Both Athens and Sparta occupied the acropolis prior to and during the course of the Peloponnesian War in the fifth century B.C.
Today, what can be seen on the acropolis dates mainly from the fourth century B.C., including the foundations of an exceptionally well-executed and massive round tower made of the local conglomerate stone. Measuring nearly 11 m. in diameter and rising to a considerable height, this tower would have enhanced surveillance over the surrounding landscape and seaways. Also visible, just within the line of the city’s fortification wall and northwest of the tower, is a large barracks building, suggesting the presence of a military garrison upon the heights. Other features to be seen upon the acropolis are cultic in nature. To the north a central altar rises up, flanked by two bases, likely for now lost statues. Deposits recovered in association with this open-air sanctuary have been dated to the sixth and fifth centuries B.C. It was likely dedicated to Athena Polias, protector of the city.
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Contour map of the site, showing the existing remains and excavated areas (Courtesy Bradley A. Ault)
Down slope, tracing the southeast descent of the fortification wall, is the so-called “Industrial Terrace.” The walls of several buildings are visible, one of which contained an olive press installation, which is what gave the area its name.
Further remains were excavated in the “Lower Town.” These include three areas in the eastern portion of the city where housing districts have been revealed. In the smaller area to the south, located at a bend in the modern road, one can see the trace of the city wall, which includes a gateway (the Southeast Gate), flanked by a round tower, and the completely recovered plan of a single resdience (House 7) which stood at the southwest corner of an entire block of houses. Prominent here is the upstanding stone masonry of the andron, or men’s dining room. Farther north, at the coast, is a more extensive excavation area with remains of three housing blocks, two streets and one major avenue. The houses at Halieis all feature a central courtyard off of which the various rooms open. Each house appears to have had its own water supply furnished by a well. The types of rooms that can be identified include the andrones, kitchens, bathing rooms, oil press rooms, workshops, and other varieties of living rooms. These houses are among the best-preserved examples from the late Classical period. Farther west, along the coastal road, are views of several additional streets and houses in the now submerged northwest quarter of the city.
A human presence in the southern Argolid peninsula is documented as early as the Middle Palaeolithic period, c. 50,000 years ago, and archaeological surveys support the notion of continuous human settlement in the area from that time to the present. At the site of ancient Halieis itself, however, the earliest material finds (ceramics, stone tools) are from the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age periods, c. 3000 BC. Little has been found to indicate significant activity on the site again until the iron age when the ceramic record again demonstrates human settlement.The iron age population of the community was likely Dorian, but other elements may have been present, too. When describing one of Halieis’ nearby neighbors, for example, Herodotus (8.43.1) describes the people of Hermione as “…Dryopians, driven out of the country now called Doris by Herakles and the Malians.” Fragments of Bakchylides and of the Hellenistic poet Kallimachos seem to support such a tradition at Halieis, too.
Halieis was peripheral to the course of historical events in antiquity as was, for the most part, most of the Argolid peninsula and its other small cities. No great events took place here as far as we can tell, although Halieis does receive brief mention in accounts of the hostilities between Athens and Sparta in the 5th c. BC. At times probably independent, it was at other times subject to the control of powerful states like Athens, Sparta and Argos.
Although prior to the 5th c. BC Halieis as an ancient town is little documented, if at all, there is ample physical evidence for the pre-Classical occupation of the site. The acropolis was fortified perhaps as early as the 7th c. BC and suffered destruction c. 590-580 BC. A sanctuary of Apollo, now under water in the bay of Halieis, was apparently established at least as early as the Archaic period. These and other signs point to a well-established community on the site by this time.
Next to nothing is known of any role Halieis may have played in Greek affairs in the Archaic period. Its strategic position at the mouth of the Gulf of Argos and its well protected harbor, however, must have been viewed as a valuable asset. The fortunes of the community would therefore have moved with the tides of political and military power in the region. At the conclusion of the Persian Wars men of nearby Hermione and Troizen fought with the combined Greek forces at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC, as recorded on the famous serpent column set up at Delphi. As independent city-states these cities were duly recognized, but if men of Halieis served too there is no record.
A population of Tirynthians settled at Halieis, perhaps in the second quarter of the 5th century BC, in circumstances that will always remain unclear. During this same quarter-century Athens attacked Halieis (c. 460 BC). Of the event Thucydides (1.105.1) merely reports, “…the Athenians, making a descent from their fleet upon Haliai, were engaged by a force of Corinthians and Epidaurians; and the Corinthians were victorious.” The inference is that the Peloponnesian forces must already have been at Halieis or nearby. As Michael Jameson has pointed out, it is unlikely that the Peloponnesian forces would have been assembled and dispatched upon learning of the Athenian raid. The notion that these events had to do with establishing a population of Tirynthians at Halieis and a resulting Athenian reaction is worth considering.
What happened in the immediately succeeding years is not recorded, but some time before 446 BC the Spartan commander Aneristos captured Halieis. In a parenthetical remark, Herodotus (7.137) identifies him as “…that Aneristos who landed a merchant ship’s crew at the Tirynthian settlement of Halia and took it…” The implication is that Sparta felt the need to wrest Halieis from the control of Athens or a regime friendly to Athens. Resolving this with the events of c. 460 BC in light of the surviving descriptions is difficult.
The outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BC brought troubles to Halieis, her territory and to other parts of the southern Argolid peninsula. Thucydides (2.56.5) reports that the Athenians raided the territory of Halieis in 430 BC:
“Arriving at Epidaurus in Peloponnesos they ravaged most of the territory, and even had hopes of taking the town by an assault: in this however they were not successful. Putting out from Epidauros, they laid waste the territory of Troizen, Halieis, and Hermione, all towns on the coast of Peloponnese, and thence sailing to Prasiai, a maritime town in Laconia, ravaged part of its territory, and took and sacked the place itself; after which they returned home, but found the Peloponnesians gone and no longer in Attica.”
As if to confirm the devastation and harm, Diodorus Siculus (12.43.1) adds that farm buildings were burned in these raids. The damage to crops then and when the Athenians again raided in 425 must have had a severe effect on the city and the region. Thucydides (4.45.2) describes the second series of raids thus:
“Weighing from the islands, the Athenians sailed the same day to Krommyon in the Corinthian territory, about thirteen miles from the city, and coming to anchor laid waste the country, and passed the night there. The next day, after first coasting along to the territory of Epidaurus and making a descent there, they came to Methana between Epidauros and Troizen, and drew a wall across and fortified the isthmus of the peninsula, and left a post there from which incursions were henceforth made upon the country of Troizen, Haliai, and Epidauros. After walling off this spot the fleet sailed off home.“
These are presumably primary events that forced Halieis into a treaty with Athens in 424/23 BC (IG I³ 75), giving Athens a base for a garrison and a guarantee of a harbor for the duration of the Peloponnesian war. The role played by Halieis during the remainder of the war is not clear, but as the fortunes of the Athenians waned, threats to the security of Halieis probably did likewise.Ironically, the historical record offers more information about Halieis in the second half of the 5th c. BC than for any other period, despite the archaeological inference that the city’s physical extent was more restricted in the second half of the 5th c. BC. The archaeological record indicates that the eastern portion of the city was inhabited from at least the Archaic period to about 460 BC., followed by a gap in the material sequence until about 400 BC. Habitation in the eastern half then resumes, the town flourishing until its abandonment, probably in the early 3rd c. BC. In contrast, the western portion of the city appears to have been occupied continuously, with no gap in the material sequence.
Materially, Halieis appears to have flourished as much in the 4th c. BC as in any other period. Houses, although never more than modest, are well enough appointed and compare favorably with their counterparts in larger cities of the time. That it had achieved a reasonable degree of prosperity may be detected in the city’s ability or authority to issue its own coinage in the 4th c. BC, although only in bronze. A good number of these coins carry a palm tree on the reverse, symbolic of the arrival of the Tirynthians in the previous century. The palm tree is the same symbol found on coins of Tiryns itself, and would appear to affirm the Tirynthian connection to Halieis.
It is in this century that Halieis at last begins to receive recognition for its contribution to regional Greek affairs. For example, in the Hellenica, Xenophon enumerates the hoplite participants on the side of Sparta at the Battle of the Nemea River in 394 BC: “… of the Epidaurians, Troizenians, Hermionians, and Halians there were not less than three thousand.” (4.2.16); he credits Halieis as a contributor to a fleet of ships organized by Sparta in 374 (6.2.3) and in 370, along with these same neighbors, with aiding Sparta at Prasiai (7.2.2). In the 4th c., too, the names of persons from Halieis are recorded in the epigraphical record of cures at the Asklepieion at Epidauros, but these records appear to represent the last notice of the city’s population. By mid-century Halieis may have been caught up in the struggle between Athens and Thebes, although again the record is difficult to parse. As Macedon suddenly rose to power, Halieis, by then possibly allied with Athens, may have capitulated to Philip II along with the neighboring towns.
The archaeological record shows quite clearly that the town was abandoned in the early 3rd c. BC. The acropolis fortifications were destroyed around 300, perhaps by one or other of the Macedonian successors in order to deny it to a rival. In these uncertain times perhaps the population was assimilated into that of its neighbors. Some studies point to a general economic depression at this time; whatever the specific causes, Halieis as a thriving town disappears from the ancient landscape and the site became all but forgotten.
As he passed through the southern Argolid in the 2nd c. AD, Pausanias (2.36.1) describes his route upon leaving Hermione thus:
“Proceeding about seven stades along the straight road to Mases, you reach, upon turning to the left, a road to Halike. At the present day Halike is deserted, but once it, too, had inhabitants, and there is mention made of citizens of Halike on the Epidaurian slabs on which are inscribed the cures of Asklepios. I know, however, no other authentic document in which mention is made either of the city Halike or of its citizens.”
The site was occupied in the late Roman period as indicated by the ceramic record and by the existence of a small bath building. The extent of the occupation seems not to have been great, leaving most of the ancient city untouched. By good fortune the modern town of Porto Cheli was established on the opposite side of the entrance to the bay and, although exploited agriculturally, Halieis remained largely undisturbed until archaeologists of the 20th century turned their attention to it.
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